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The conventional process of lithium extraction from α-spodumene requires high-temperature calcination to transform α-spodumene into β-spodumene, and concentrated acid roasting followed by water leaching. This study proposed the direct preparation of water-soluble lithium salts from α-spodumene by roasting with different …
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The anticipated increase in demand for lithium salt brings a growing concern over lithium shortage and environmental problems in the industry of extracting lithium from ores. A closed-loop process for the extraction of lithium from β-spodumene (β-LiAlSi 2 O 6) by leaching with Na 2 SO 4, the by-product of the lithium precipitation …
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TSulfuric acid process is the mainstream process for extracting lithium from spodumene, with a complex process, high energy consumption, and large discharge of waste residue, waste gas, and wastewater. Therefore, it is necessary to simplify the …
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The lithium extraction process of spodumene mainly includes sulfuric acid method, sulfate roasting method, alkali method and chlorination roasting method etc. (Meng et al., 2021). Kuang et al.(2018) used Na 2 SO 4 to dissolve β -spodumene and with addition of CaO to reach 93.30% lithium extraction efficiency.
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Spodumene is the main source of lithium among the lithium-containing minerals. A number of studies have been done on the extraction of lithium from naturally occurring α-spodumene as well as pre-treated β-spodumene and the effect of key factors that influence extraction and optimum processing conditions have been discussed. …
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Lithium in spodumene is tightly bound by coulombic forces inside the silicon-oxide and aluminum-oxide polyhedron structure. Therefore, the key to the extraction of lithium from spodumene is destroying the aluminosilicate structure. Traditionally, the naturally occurring α-spodumene needs to be roasted at 1000 °C to be converted to β …
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The process of extracting lithium from mines primarily revolves around extracting lithium-bearing minerals, notably spodumene, through an intricate interplay of mining and processing methodologies. Initially, ore containing lithium is excavated from subterranean depths and subjected to rigorous physical separation techniques to …
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1467. Altmetric. - Citations. 2. LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICS. Share. Export RIS. Other access options. Get e-Alerts. SUBJECTS: Leaching, Lithium, Reagents, Separation …
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Spodumene is one of the many lithium rich minerals, but is the most common and the most studied among all. A process of lithium extraction from spodumene ore has been patented as early as the middle of the twentieth century . This has led it to be the leader in the commercial mining of lithium rich minerals industry.
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ABSTRACT The sulfuric acid process is the dominant technology for lithium extraction from spodumene. However, this process generates huge quantities of waste residue and needs high-temperature pretreatment. The process can be optimized if other high-value elements are found in spodumene deposits, residual lithium can be recycled during …
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To address the economic and environmental challenges associated with the current commercial extraction process for lithium from spodumene, the authors have developed a patent-pending method for direct lithium extraction from -spodumene. This innovative approach involves NaOH-roasting followed by sequential water and acid leaching.
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Processing spodumene for lithium is challenging as it requires a high temperature transformation of the natural a-monoclinic form to b-tetragonal form, usually followed by …
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In this research, a novel method, similar to the Bayer process, for directly extracting lithium from α-spodumene using an alkaline solution with an addition of CaO was developed. The results indicate that the mass ratio of the added CaO to ore, the NaOH concentration, and the leaching temperature had a significant effect on the lithium ...
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Spodumene is a lithium aluminum silicate (Li2O Al2O3 4SiO2 or LiAlSi2O6) of the pyroxene group; it is found in close association with quartz, feldspar and micas [6]. Its …
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The key to the lithium extraction from α-spodumene is destroying the crystal structure.The conventional commercial process requires high-temperature calcination to transform α-spodumene into β-spodumene.This study aimed at finding an alternative treatment for destroying the structure of α-spodumene and extracting the …
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α-Spodumene. Alkaline digestion. Bayer process. Cyclic leaching. 1. Introduction. Lithium, as a strategic metal, has been extensively used in lithium-ion …
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Abstract. Lithium extraction from α-spodumene in a potassium hydroxide solution was proposed to provide a new green metallurgical process for spodumene concentrate. The structure of α-spodumene …
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The sulfuric acid process is used most often for lithium extraction from spodumene. 12 Mined natural spodumene (a-spodumene), which has a monoclinic structure, is subjected to high-temperature ...
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Processing spodumene for lithium is challenging as it requires a high temperature transformation of the natural a-monoclinic form to b-tetragonal form, usually followed by acid baking and digestion. This three-step extraction process requires significant heat energy, acid, process complexity and residence
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Fig. 1 shows a schematic of the lithium extraction process based on our proposed fluorine-based chemical method. As shown in Fig. 2, the HF molecule played a significant role in the destruction of the spodumene crystal structure through a nucleophilic attack (Kline and Fogler, 1981, Li et al., 2016).The HF can be derived from fluorine …
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α-form to β-form at elevated temperature, however, a process for direct extraction of lithium from α -spodumene using the HF/H 2 SO 4 system was i ntroduced by Guo et al. [15]. The thermal ...
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In 1959, Peterson et al. 35 patented the possible extraction of lithium from α-spodumene using an alkali metal halide or their mixture (specifically, KCl and/or NaCl) in the presence of a refractory material. The amount of refractory material required by this approach was indicated to vary between 60 to 80 wt% of the quantity of spodumene treated.
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This approach intensifies the process permitting low NaCl/β-spodumene and low L/S ratios and accelerating the extraction of lithium. Typical leaching rates of the process and the concentration of Li in brine (leach solution) are in the order of 2.1 g Li /(L slurry ·h) and 6 g Li /L brine, respectively.
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This paper reviews the recent technological developments in the extraction of lithium from natural resources. Existing methods are summarized by the main resources, such as spodumene, lepidolite, and brine. The advantages and disadvantages of each method are compared. Finally, reasonable suggestions are proposed for the …
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Here are the two main sources of lithium: Spodumene. This form of lithium follows extraction from a pegmatite rock, which is popular for its high lithium content. Spodumene is a highly exploited lithium source and was the main source of the rare metal for a long time. Spodumene is a gemstone and its price fluctuates depending on the …
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The methods used to mine and process lithium from rocks, brines and clays are also not up to scratch. ... L. K. Method of extracting lithium values from spodumene ores. US patent US2516109A (1950 ...
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The objective of this study was to establish the optimal operational conditions for a new extraction process of lithium from β-spodumene with HF, in a closed vessel. Furthermore, a novel process for the recovery of Li 2 CO 3 from the leach liquors is proposed obtaining Na 2 SiF 6 and Na 3 AlF 6 as subproducts, both of which having …
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This review adds to the public domain literature on the extraction of lithium from mineral ores. The focus is on the pyrometallurgical pre-treatment of spodumene. Information on the phase transformation from …
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In recent years, several methods have been reported to extract lithium (Li) from spodumene. However, the majority of them still require the transformation of the naturally occurring spodumene phase (α) to the more reactive crystalline phase (β) by calcination at 1100 °C. To address the economic drawbacks and high greenhouse gas emission of ...
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Spodumene ore naturally occurs in the crystal structure of monoclinic alpha form (α-form). In order to extract lithium from the ore via the leaching process, however, the ore's crystal structure must be in the tetragonal beta form (β-form).¹ This conversion is achieved through decrepitation, or the shattering of the crystal structure.
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