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The Malaysian Rare Earth Corporation (MAREC) plant in Malaysia processed a xenotime sand concentrate by a sulfuric acid bake process during the 1990's (Meor Yusoff and Latifah, 2002; ... (2016) developed a two-stage acid leaching process to avoid formation of a silica gel, using either hydrochloric or sulfuric acid as lixiviant. In the first ...
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the sulfuric acid leaching process to recover the copper from the otation tailings and showed that under optimal conditions, the leaching recovery was 53.8% and the total …
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Copper processing is a complicated process that begins with mining of the ore (less than 1% copper) and ends with sheets of 99.99% pure copper called cathodes, which will ultimately be made into products for everyday …
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Sulfur emissions are captured and removed from the enclosed roasting equipment in a continuous stream of sulfur dioxide gas, which is fed to a secondary plant to produce sulfuric acid for use in downstream base metal leaching operations (Phillips et al., 2008). In the case of low-sulfur feed materials, the gas is scrubbed and neutralized.
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The effect of temperature on Ti leaching was investigated within the temperature range of 453.15–533.15 K under the conditions of an average particle size of 31.5 μm, an acid/solid ratio of 2.0:1, and an initial acid concentration of 88.0 wt% H 2 SO 4.The results are shown in Fig. 2 a and indicate that the leaching rate generally …
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Sulfuric acid solution containing ferric iron is the extractant for industrial heap bioleaching of copper sulfides. To start a heap bioleaching plant, sulfuric acid is usually added to the irrigation solution to maintain adequate acidity (pH 1.0–2.0) for copper dissolution. An industrial practice of heap bioleaching of secondary copper sulfide ore …
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The leaching operation comprises the introduction of a sulfuric acid solution containing varying amounts of ferrous and ferric sulfate onto the surface or into the interior of the dumps for the purpose of effecting the dissolution of copper minerals. The end product of the leaching operation … See more
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Sulfuric acid, the leaching agent, is brought on site in large tankers. The sulfuric acid is diluted and sprayed or dripped over oxide ore, which dissolves the oxidized minerals completely in the solution. ... The solution, "pregnant" with the dissolved metals, is then piped to the SX-EW plant that separates out the copper into 99% pure ...
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Hydrometallurgical Copper Extraction. Mark E. Schlesinger, ... William G. Davenport, in Extractive Metallurgy of Copper (Fifth Edition), 2011 15.4.2.6 Irrigation of Heap. In industrial heap leaching, the lixiviant used is the copper-depleted raffinate returning from SX (Fig. 15.2).This has a typical composition of 0.4 g/L Cu and ~5–10 g/L H 2 SO 4.Further …
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The optimal leaching conditions are as follows: temperature of 150 °C sulfuric acid concentration of 156 g L− 1, liquid-to-solid ratio (mL/g) of 8, total pressure of 0.40 MPa, calcium nitrate ...
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Leaching limonite ore with sulfuric acid is selective in temperature and high pressure. The first plant for high-pressure acid leaching (HPAL) of laterite ores was built in Moa Bay, Cuba. Since then, it was not until the 1990s, and beyond, new HPAL plants were built that are currently operating in
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Uranium Extraction. Uranium leaching is the process by which the uranium is extracted from the raw ore by reacting the material with acid or base. Fig. 2 shows a general process flow for the uranium extraction process. Prior …
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8.10.2.2 Spent Acid And Hydrogen Sulfide Burning Plants - A schematic diagram of a contact process sulfuric acid plant that burns spent acid is shown in Figure 8.10-2. Two types of plants are used to process this type of sulfuric acid. In one, the sulfur dioxide and other products from the combustion of spent acid and/or hydrogen sulfide with ...
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A new concept for copper (Cu) metal leaching by the simultaneous use of cupric ions (Cu2+) and oxygen (O2) was proposed to improve Cu metal leaching in sulfuric acid. According to this concept, Cu2+ oxidizes Cu metal into cuprous ion (Cu+), and O2 oxidizes Cu+ into Cu2+. The improvement in Cu leaching efficiency from Cu …
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The plants installed earlier and the smaller units of sulphuric acid plants use a single absorption process which has conversion efficiency of 96–98%. New large sulphuric acid production plants now–a–days utilize double conversion double absorption (DCDA) process. DCDA process can realize above 99% conversion efficiency.
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Call +1 800 752 8878. Published December 2023. Sulfuric acid is one of the largest-volume industrial chemicals produced in the world. The production of fertilizers, especially phosphate fertilizers from wet-process phosphoric acid, is the major end-use market for sulfuric acid, accounting for about 60% of total world consumption in 2023.
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The corresponding E h –pH diagrams for the sulfate systems are also shown in Fig. 4 (A)–(E).From these diagrams, it is established that SO 4 2− ions increase the solubility of all metal ions. The following complexation reaction occurs through sulfuric acid leaching: (10) M 2+ + SO 4 2− = MSO 4 (M = Zn, Cd, Ni, Pb and Cu) searching for K sp …
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The process of extracting aluminum with sulfuric acid from high-alumina fly ash activated by roasting with Na2CO3 and NaOH as raw materials ware studied. The results revealed that the aluminum in fly ash activated by sodium carbonate reached 93.2% under the optimum conditions (30% H2SO4, 90°C, 120 min, and liquid-to-solid ratio was …
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The changes in exchangeable sodium and total dissolved salts due to the application of sulfuric acid and water to sodium-affected calcareous soils were studied for the purpose of establishing a convenient way of determining acid and leaching water requirements. Conventional methods which ignore the effect of sodium removed from soil exchange …
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Kinetics, as a fundamental requirement of nearly all industrial activities and engineering researches, plays a great role in leaching processes. Although there are many pieces of research on its application, there is not a clear pathway for investigating the kinetics of leaching and researchers usually follow different strategies in their studies. The …
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Abstract: Sulfuric acid solution containing ferric iron is the extractant for industrial heap bioleaching of copper sulfides. To start a heap bioleaching plant, …
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the sulfuric acid leaching process to recover the copper from the otation tailings and showed that under optimal conditions, the leaching recovery was 53.8% and the total copper recovery reached to 84.75% with a combination of otation and leaching. Meanwhile, the internal diusion was dominant mechanism in the leaching process with
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Abstract A solid waste from zinc production, zinc plant residue (ZPR) is a valuable resource for the recovery of zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), and silver (Ag). However, the ferritic structure of ZPR makes it difficult to leach these metals. Here, in order to increase the reactivity of the ZPR, mechanical activation using a high-energy ball mill was used. …
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Leaching plants, faced with increased tonnage, coarse (up to —3/16″ solids) feed, longer retention time, erosion, corrosion and the high cost of space, must be compact, simple and highly efficient. The engineer faced with the obvious economy of using a few large agitators compared to many smaller units must also evaluate the design …
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The status of the pressure leaching plant is unknown though the refinery has changed ownership a number of times and is currently a cobalt refinery operated by Umicore ... The SO 2 produced from roasting was sent to a sulfuric acid plant whilst the iron oxide leach residue (termed purple ore) grading 64.3% Fe (Palperi and Aaltonen …
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In this study the extractive capability of Mextral 5640H was investigated for extraction of copper from a heap leach liquor. In this regard, the influence of parameters such as pH (0.2–2.8 ...
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In uranium processing: Leaching. Acid leaching is commonly performed by agitating an ore-leach mixture for 4 to as long as 48 hours at ambient temperature. Except in special circumstances, sulfuric acid is the leachant used; it is supplied in amounts sufficient to obtain a final leach liquor at about…. Read More.
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This study was aimed to define an efficient method to extract vanadium from spent desulfurization catalyst (SDC) from the sulfuric acid plant and to characterize post-(bio)leaching residues in terms of environmental risk. Leaching of V was carried out using organic lixiviant (citric acid (CA)) and bacterial strain Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans ...
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While sulfuric acid was determined as the best candidate for direct acid leaching of both metals, the need of pre-treatment, low solid-to-liquid ratio, high acid concentration and consumption, and ...
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A required amount of 75 g/L. sulphuric acid solution was used and 5 g of the ground copper oxide ore with a solid to liquid. ratio of 13%. Leaching parameters such as leaching time from 0.25 – 4 ...
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